From Pachisi to Ludo: The Fascinating Journey of an Ancient Indian Game

Among India’s rich cultural heritage, traditional games hold a unique place. One such game is “Chaupar” or “Chausar” (Pachisi), which has been played since the Mahabharata era. This game was not merely a source of amusement; it was considered an extraordinary blend of strategy, patience, and luck.

The Mahabharata itself is closely connected with this game—the great war began after the infamous game of dice, where the Pandavas lost everything to the Kauravas. Over time, this ancient game of Chaupar evolved in various forms. During the Mughal period, it became a favorite pastime in royal courts. Emperor Akbar, in particular, played it in his palace courtyard on a massive stone floor designed like a board, where human figures were used as pawns.

The Entry of an American Company

In the late 19th century, European and American traders visiting India witnessed this game and were fascinated by its charm. One such firm, the American company "EGS Elechow & Company," decided to commercialize it. In 1867, they trademarked the game in the United States under the name "Parcheesi – A Royal Game of India."

The name “Parcheesi” originates from the Sanskrit word “Pachisi,” meaning twenty-five—because in the original version, a player could only move a piece upon rolling the maximum score of 25.

Expansion in America and Europe

EGS Elechow & Company marketed the game as “India’s Royal Game” and introduced it to American and European markets. Very soon, it became immensely popular in the West. The game was adapted into a colorful board with dice, making it accessible for common families to play at home.

The Birth of the Name “Ludo”

In the 20th century, a simpler version of the game emerged under the name “Ludo.” The word “Ludo” is derived from the Latin word “Ludere,” which translates to “we play.” Over time, both “Parcheesi” and “Ludo” gained worldwide popularity as family board games.

From India to the World

It is indeed an irony that a game so deeply rooted in Indian tradition and history was trademarked and sold in Western markets under foreign names. While “Parcheesi” and later “Ludo” became household names globally, their true origin and glory belong to India.

Conclusion

Chaupar or Pachisi is not just a game; it is a symbol of India’s historical, cultural, and spiritual legacy. From the Mahabharata to the Mughal courts, and later to American companies’ board games, its journey reflects the depth and influence of Indian civilization. Today, “Ludo” is among the most popular family games in the world, but its roots remain firmly embedded in India’s ancient tradition.